1. Serving size vs. container size
A 30-serving tub with a 2-scoop serving is really a 15-serving tub. The advertised dose usually assumes the full 2 scoops.
2. Per-serving doses of the active ingredients
Compare each ingredient's per-serving amount to the studied effective dose. Underdosed = doesn't work at any price.
3. Proprietary blends
See the dedicated lesson. If you see one, assume underdosing.
4. Third-party testing
Look for Informed Sport, NSF Certified for Sport, or USP Verified. These certify the label matches the contents. Without one, you're trusting the manufacturer's word.
5. What ISN'T on the label
No claim of 'clinical dose'? No third-party seal? No batch number? Skip it. There are hundreds of alternatives.